Trypillian Civilization Tour |
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About Trypillia - 3 |
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Dr. Mykhailo Videiko A SHORT GUIDE There are known more than 2000 Trypillia culture settlements in Ukraine. All they
are dated from 5400 – 2750 B.C. More than two hundreds of them were
explored by archaeologists in XIX – XX centuries. We describe only 95 the
most interesting sites and places from the West to the East – from Prut and Dniestr
to Dnipro rivers. PRUT
1.
Shipintsi Kicman distict Chernivtsi
region. This Trypillia
culture settlement is situated to the north of the village, on the left bank of the Prut
river. Dated up to the first part of IV mil. B.C. Excavated by J. Shombathy,
R. Kindle, F. Volkov, O. Kandyba and T. Passek in XIX – XX c.
They discovered ruins of houses and earthenware – houses, traces of ceramics. In 1938
O. Kandyba published collection of beautiful painted pottery. DNIESTR 1.
Bilche Zolote,
settlements and Verteba cave Borchshiv
distict Khmelnitski reg. There
are known four Trypillia sites here. Two-level settlement of the Middle and the Late
periods are situated at the central part of the village, in the garden (tract
“Ogrod”) of the old prince Sapiega’s palace. It was excavated by
E. Pavlovich, G. Ossovski and I. Sveshnikov. There were found a large
number of pottery, flint knives, copper artifacts, clay figurines, were explored remains
of houses. There
is karst cave “Verteba” where was found the Trypillia cemetery. Cave is located
in the field near the village. The wonderful cave labyrinth is more than 8 km long. There
is situated settlement of the Late period near the cave. Excavated in XIX – XX c. by
A. Kirkor, G. Ossovski, V. Demetrykevich, O. Kandyba,
I. Sveshnikov, M. Sokhatskij. Archaeologists found in the cave a bone plate that
has punctuated silhouette of the Goddess that became a symbol of Trypillia. Dated up to
the middle of IV mil. B.C.
In
1956 I. Sveshnikov and G. Vlasova discovered settlement of the Late period near
the bridge, opposite the old entrance to Verteba. The fourth settlement, discovered by
I. Sveshnikov in 1956, is located in 6 km to the north of the village, in Kaduby
tract. Dated to the first part of IV mil. BC. The
main collection of Trypillia
painted pottery from Bilche (more than 300 different vessels) and figurines now are
available in Krakow archaeological museum (Poland). Some materials are kept in Lviv
Historical Museum and in Borschiv district museum. 2.
Koshilivtsi, “Koshilivtsi – Oboz” settlement
Zalischiki
distict Ternopil region. There
were discovered remains of few houses and graves that belong to the Late Trypillia
settlement in the place called “Oboz”(“camp”) that situated near the
village, on the right bank of the Jurin river. Excavated by A. Shneider,
R. Kindl, K. Hadachek, G. Childe, Yu. Kostrzhewsky, L. Kozlovsky,
Yu. Zakharuk, P. Kravets and other archaeologists in XIX – XX c.
Painted pottery and figurines that were found there now are kept in many museums –
from Moscow and Kyiv to Krakow and Oxford. Dated up to the middle IV mil. B.C. There are many other places of
ancient settlements near Koshilivtsi that belongs to Neolithic, Trypillia, Bronze Age, and
also graves of Early Bronze Age. 3.
Zhvanets
Kamyanets – Podilski
distict Khmelnitsky reg. The
Late Trypillia settlement is situated opposite ruins of the medieval fortress near the
village of Zhvanets in place called “Schovb”. It is located on a high dune
washed from three sides by Zhvanchyk and Karmelitka rivers. A part of the settlement was
destroyed because of quarry. T.G. Movsha explored the settlement in 60 – 70
th of XX c. The
ditch protected this settlement on the field side. The front side of the earth bank and
the ditch were paved with large stone flags. There was explored a production complex,
consisting of two level furnaces and places for clay mixing. It was situated outside the
boundaries of the settlement, on a plateau. The furnaces laid in three rows over the slope
of the dune. Also there were excavated ancient houses and ceramics. Mainly, there were
table, painted vessels, semi-spherical plates, pots, and vessels with conic mouth. The
painting is performed in black and red color. Ornamental compositions consist of
semi-ovals, strips. There are drawn compositions of images of people and animals in the
middle of ovals and semi ovals. Dated up to the end of IV mil. B.C. Several Trypillia settlements of the Middle and the Late periods
were found on the banks of the Karmelitka river. Collection from Zhvanets is exhibited in the National museum of
History of Ukraine, in Kyiv. 4. Luka
Vrublivetska
Kamyanets – Podilski
distict Khmelnitsky reg. Ancient village
was situated on the right bank of Dnister, near village Vrublivtsi. Seven earth - houses
were explored here by S. Bibikov in 1945 – 1950. It was the first
Early Trypillia site excavated in Ukraine. There was gathered interesting collection of
clay figurines. Dated up to the first part V mil. B.C. Remains of
Chernyakhivska culture also were explored in this place. There are known Paleolothic site
near the village. Collections from Luka Vrublivetska are exhibited in Archaeological
museum in Kyiv and Ermitage (St.- Petersburg). 5.
Nezvisko Obertyn
distict Ivano – Frankivsk region . Multi-layer
settlement is situated on the right bank of Dnister. Excavated by L. Kozlovski in
1926 and K. Chernysh in 1951 – 1954. They explored levels, dated from Neolithic
to the beginning of II mil. A.D. ( Kyiv Rus). Two horizons of the
Trypillia culture were found on the depth of 1,6 – 2,9 m from surface. Remains of
dwellings and pits were explored on the area about 1200 sq.m. The first Trypillia level,
with pottery, decorated with polychrome painting and incised lines, dated up to the second
part of V mil. B.C. The next horizon, with pottery, decorated with red and black painting,
is dated to the end of V mil. or to the beginning of IV mil. B.C. K. Chernysh
explored in Nezvisko the grave of the Trypillia culture with painted bowl. Traces of
Trypillia copper metallurgy was found in the second Trypillia horizon. Collection from Nezvisko is exhibited in Ivano-Frankivsk regional
museum. 6.
Bernashivka Murovani.- Kurylivtsi distict
Vinnitsa region. Settlement of the Early
Trypillia culture is situated near the estuary of the Zhvan river, on the small hill in
Dnister valley. Excavated by V. Zbenovich in 1972 – 1975, who explored
6 of 7 houses. It is the oldest of known Trypillia settlements in Ukraine and dated up to
the second part of VI mil. B.C. (according to isotope dates). Settlement of the Late period
was excavated in another place near the village. V. Zbenovich and O. Kolesnikov
explored dwellings and pits with a large amount of painted pottery. Dated up to the first
part of IV mil. B.C. There are also discovered
settlement and cemetery of Iron Age and Chernyakhivska culture near Bernashivka. Collection from Bernashivka is exhibited in Archaeological museum in
Kyiv. 7.
Zalishchyki Zalishchyki, Ternopil region.
There are known three settlements of the Trypillia culture. One of them is located
in the central part of the town, on the left bank of the Dniester. Discovered in 1927.
Dated to the second part of IV mil. B.C. Another settlement of the same period was
explored on the territory of brickwork by G. Ossovski (1880), T. Sulimirski,
J. Zhurowski (1930) and O. Kandyba. They excavated remains of burnt houses and
found beautiful painted polychrome pottery. Collections from these excavations are kept in
museums of Lviv, Kremenets and Zalishchyki. Settlement in tract Ushchilivka was explored
by Yu. Maleev in 1970, who discovered here relicts of the Trypillia, Early Iron Age
and VI – VII c. A.D. Collection are kept in Kyiv University. 8.
Buchach Buchach, Ternopil region. Settlement of the
Trypillia culture is situated in Fedir tract. Excavated by L. Kozlovski in 1922 on
the area of 250 sq.m. He explored four earth-houses and found two levels – of the
Middle and the Late Trypillia and gathered a large number of pottery, flint and stone
tools, clay figurines. Dated up to the second part of V – first part of IV mil. B.C. Materials of digs
are in Lviv Historical Museum. 9.
Darabany
Khotin distict Chernivtsi
region. Two-level
Trypillia settlement is located in Zamchysko tract, to the west of the village. The lower
horizon dated to the middle of V mil. and the upper one – to the
end of IV mil. B.C. The later settlement was fortified with ditch and rampart. Materials are
kept in Chernivtsi Regional Museum and Funds of the Institute of Archaeology (Kyiv) 1.
Bodaky Zbarash distict Ternopil reg. There are known
two settlements of the Trypillia culture. Bodaky-I is situated in Chorna Krinitsa tract on
the high bank of the Goryn river. Excavated by O. Cynkalowski (1939),
M. Makarevich (1940), Yu. Zakharuk and K. Chernysh (1952
–54), N. Skakun ( 1991 – 1998). They explored remains of burnt houses,
pottery and flint workshops. Inhabitants of settlement produced a large number of flint
tools such are blades and flat axes for exchange. Dated to the beginning of IV mil. B.C. Bodaky-II is
located to the south of the village, on the right bank of the Goryn river. Discovered by
O. Cynkalowski in 1938, who gathered fragments of painted pottery. Dated to the
beginning of IV mil. B.C. Collections from
Bodaky are kept in museums of Kremenets, Lviv and St. Petersburg. 2.
Sandraky Khmilnik distr, Vinnitsa region The settlement
is situated behind the eastern border of Sandraky village, on the high cape dune,
presently known as Pagurok. Its area is 0,4 ha. In 1949-1950 it was explored by
O. Lagodovska . Dated up to the beginning of III mil. B.C. Remains of three
epochs were discovered in cross-section: 17-18 century, Bronze Age, Trypillia CII. Materials are
stored in the scientific funds of the Institute of Archeology (Kyiv). 3. Troyaniv Zhytomir
region
The settlement
is located on a high dune of the right bank of the Gnylopiatka river. It has shape of a
peninsula. In 1956-58 M. Shmaglij excavated the remains of 35 Trypillia dwellings of
different types. During archaeological digs in Troyaniv there was traced specifics of
dwelling location in the settlement. Dwellings were arranged in two circles, fortifying
cape on the field side. Dated up to the second part of IV mil. B.C. Materials are
stored in the scientific funds of the Institute of Archeology (Kyiv). SOUTH BUG
1. Sabatinivka Ul’anivski
distict Kirovograd region There
are two the Trypillia culture settlements (of the Early and the Middle periods) near this
village. Settlement of the Early Trypilla culture (Sabatinivka-II) is situated to the
north of the village, on the right bank of the Synitsya river. It was excavated by
M. Makarevih and V. Danilenko in 1947-49. They explored three houses and pits.
In house No3 they found many clay figurines and “thrones” for them.
M. Makarevich reconstructed this house as Trypillian sanctuary. Dated up to the
beginning of V mil. B.C. Settlement
of Middle Trypillia
(Sabatinivka-I) is dated up to the middle of V mil. B.C.
with the Late Bronze horizon above (end of II mil. BC). It is situated near the village,
on the bank of the Bug river. Collection from Sabatinivka-II exhibited in Archaeological museum in
Kyiv. 2. Berezivka Ul’anivski distict
Kirovograd region. This settlement is situated on the cape of the left bank of the Bug
river, near ruins of hydroelectric power station, in 5 km from Zavallia village. This
place was explored by V. Danilenko, V. Tsibeskov,
O. Tsvek, who explored the square about 10000 sq.m and discovered ruins of more than 20 houses and earth-houses with a large amount of
the beautiful pottery and clay figurines. They also found traces of trade relations
between ancient inhabitants of Berezivka and Balkans and Steppe communities dated from the
middle of V mil. B.C. V. Danilenko discovered two settlements of Neolithic period
close to this place. Collection from Berezivka is exhibited in Archaeological museum in
Kyiv. 3. Mogilna Gaivoron distict Kirovograd
region . In 50-th of XX c.
I. Gasiuk discovered four settlements of
the Early Trypillia culture near this
village, on the bank of the Mogilyanka river and its tributaries. One of them, Mogilna-III
(90000 sq.m, about 120 houses) is situated on the bank of the creek close to Zhakchik
khutor, and it was one of the largest settlements of this period in South-East Europe. On
the ground surface of this place you can find fragments of pottery, clay figurines,
ancient flint tools. Dated up to the first part V mil. B.C. 4.
Gaivoron
Gaivoron distict Kirovograd region. The
large ancient settlement was situated on the territory of the town of Gaivoron on the bank
of the Bug River, near the railway bridge. Settlement was explored by V.Danilenko and
M.Makarevich in 1960. It was one of the first places on the banks of the Bug river settled
by the Trypillia culture people. Opposite to this place, on the islands,
V.Danilenko discovered settlements of the Neolithic period. Dated
up to the first part V mil. B.C. Collection
from Gaivoron is exhibited in Archaeological museum in Kyiv. 5. Klishchiv Tyvriv distict Vinnitsa
region. Ancient
settlement is situated in 0,5 km to the South from the village on cape of the right bank
of the Bug river. Was excavated by I. Zaets in 1969 -1980. This settlement occupied
area about 7 ha and included 46 houses. There were found more than 500 wonderful vessels,
decorated with incised and painted ornament. Klishchiv located on a frontier of
“Western” and “Eastern” Trypillia tribes and such a location was
reflected in local culture, mainly in pottery. Dated up to the end of V mil. B.C. Collection
of pottery and other artifacts from Klishchiv are exhibited in Vinnitsa regional museum
and Art Gallery in Vinnitsa.. TERRITORY BETWEEN SOUTH BUG AND DNIPRO 1.
Popudnia
Uman distict Cherkasy region It
was one of the first Trypillia culture settlements, excavated in this region. Explored in
1911 by M. Himner, who discovered 40 houses in this region. Total area of settlement
is approximately 40 ha. There M. Himner found many painted pottery and clay model of
house in ruins of dwellings. Thanks to this model now we know the inner order of the
Trypillia houses; in the left corner of the room was large furnace, close to another wall
there was clay bench with vessels. Dated up to the beginning of the IV mil. B.C. Collection
from Popudnia now is in Archaeological museum in Warsaw (Poland). 2.
Dobrovody
Uman distict
Cherkasy region The Trypillia culture
settlement is situated partly on the territory of the village and partly in the field.
Total area, according to topographic interpretation by K. Shishkin, is about 2,5
sq.km. From the airphoto we can see fortified city with blocks and streets. Explored by
M. Shmaglij and T. Movsha in 1974-1984. They discovered remains of five large
two-storied dwellings. Settlement in Dobrovody was one of thirty largest Trypillia
“protocities”, which were discovered in this region. Dated up to the first part
of the IV mil. B.C. Collections
from digs in Dobrovody are in Cherkasy regional museum and Institute of archaeology NAS of
Ukraine (Kyiv). 3.
Tallianki
Talne
distict Cherkasy region It was the largest settlement
of Trypillia “protocities”. It is
situated in the field between two villages – Legedzine and Tallianki, along the road
Uman – Cherkasy. Settlement was 3,5 km
long and 1,3 km wide. Total square is approximately 450 ha, there are up to 2700
dwellings, located in oval structures, streets and blocks. V. Kruts, during the
archaeological digs started from 1981, partly discovered two streets, remains of 26
two-storied houses. It was the largest settlement of Europe in Neolithic. Dated up to the
first part of IV mil. B.C. There were explored barrows (kurhans) with graves of Yamna culture
(the middle of III mil. BC) and some graves of the Late Bronze Age on the territory of
settlement. Collections
from excavations in Talianki are exhibited in Cherkasy regional museum, Museum of
Agriculture in Talne and Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). 4.
Maydanets
Talne
distict Cherkasy region There are two the Trypillia culture settlements near this village. The first settlement, from the
Early period, is situated in place, which is called “Grebenyukiv Yar”, close to
outskirts along the road from Talne to Novo-Arkhangelsk. Total area is about 2 ha.
Settlement was partly excavated by M. Shmaglij and N. Burdo in 1981-1989. They
discovered remains of three dwellings and two earth-houses. Dated up to the end of VI -
beginning of the V mil. B.C.
Another
settlement located to the west of village, on the left bank of the Tallianka river. Total
area is approximately 250 ha. Settlement was oval in plan, 1.5 km long and 1.1 km wide.
According to magnetic plan there are remains of 1575 houses. Near 50 different objects
were dig by M. Shmaglij and his colleagues in 1971 - 1991. They discovered remains of
two-storied dwellings, fortifications, sanctuaries, unique collection of painted pottery
and figurines. Dated up to the first part of IV mil. B.C.
On the territory of the settlement were explored two burrows with 8 graves of Yamna
culture (the middle of III mil. B.C.). There were found remains of the Cherniakhivska
culture settlement (IV c. A.D.) near the village, in Geliv Stav tract.
In the beginning of 90-th in Maydanets local Museum was organized. Here you can see
panorama of ancient Trypillia city reconstructed on the base of archaeological data, and
some finds from its territory. Collections from digs in
Maydanets are in Cherkasy regional museum, Museum of Agriculture in Talne, National museum
of History of Ukraine, and Institute of
Archaeology NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). 6.
Yatranivka
Uman distict
Cherkasy region. The
large Trypillia settlement is situated in 1,5 km to south of Yatranivka, on the left bank
of the Yatran river. Total area is about 50 ha. Settlement (according to magnetic
analysis) was triangular in plan and strongly fortified on the field side. In central part
there were streets and blocks. Was discovered in 50th by V. Stefanovich and
Yu. Hraban, explored by archaeologists from Kyiv in 70th. There were found many
fragments of painted pottery and clay figurines on the ground surface. Dated up to the
first part of IV mil. B.C. On the bank of the Yatran river traces of settlement, dated to
IV c. AD (Cherniakhivska culture) also were found. Collections
of finds from Yatranivka are in Uman museum and Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine
(Kyiv). 7.
Sushkivka
Uman distict
Cherkasy region. The Trypillia culture settlement situated close to the village, on
the hill of the left bank of the Yatran river. Total area is about 100 ha. On airphoto we
can see traces of fortifications – two long ditches. Explored by V. Kozlovska in
1916-1926. She excavated remains of two-storied buildings. The most known artifacts from
this site are: the clay model if Trypillian dwelling with details of interior and
collection of anthropomorphous figurines. Dated
up to the first part of IV mil. B.C. There are also
five barrows, dated by Early Bronze Age and settlement of Cherniakhivska culture
in this place. Collections of finds from
Sushkivka are in Uman museum and National museum of History of Ukraine in Kyiv. 8.
Vilkhivets
Uzvenigorodka
distict Cherkasy region. The Trypillia culture settlement is situated in 1,5 km from the
village, by the road to Ryzhanivka. Total are is about 120 ha, and there are approximately
650 houses. Settlement (according to magnetic analysis) was oval in plan, with blocks in
central part. Discovered by V. Stefanovich, explored by M. Videiko in 1993. He
explored remains of large two-storied dwelling. Dated up to the beginning of III mil. B.C.
It was one of the last Trypillia cities in area between the Bug and the Dnipro. On the
area of settlement pottery of Scythians ( VI-V c.
A.D.) also was found. There is another Trypillia settlement (from the Middle period) on
another side of Vikkhivets. Collection
of finds from Yatranivka is in Funds of the Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine
(Kyiv). 9.
Vesioly Kut
Talne
distict Cherkasy region Settlement of the Trypillia
culture is situated near the village, on the opposite bank of the Girskij Tikich river. It
occupied the high hill on the territory of 150 ha. Excavated by O. Tsvek in 1968 –
1982. She explored remains of dwellings and houses of craftsman. Two of them produced
pottery, another one made stone tools. Settlement
near Vesioly Kut was one of the first Trypillia culture “cities” on the
territory between the Bug and the Dnipro rivers. Dated up to the
end of V mil. B.C. On
the territory of the settlement O. Tsvek explored barrow with graves, dated to the Early
Bronze Age and found fragments of Scythian pottery (VI-V c. BC). Collection
of finds from Yatranivka is partly exhibited in Archaeological museum (Kyiv). Most of
finds are kept in Funds of the Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). 10.
Tomashivka Talne
distict Cherkasy region The large Trypillia culture settlement is partly located on the
territory of the village. Total area is about 250 ha. Explored by P. Kurinnyj in
1925-1926. He excavated remains of houses with large amount of pottery. Sometimes painted
dishes, seted in pyramids were found! In one
house P. Kurinnyi found clay conical mould for pottery. Settlement dated up to the middle
of IV mil. B.C.
On this
territory also pottery of Cherniakhivska culture (III – IV c. A.D.) and roman coins
were found. Collections
of finds from Sushkivka are exhibited in Uman museum and National museum of History of
Ukraine (Kyiv). 11. Volodymyrivka Novo
- Arkhangelsk distict Kirovograd region Settlement of the Trypillia
culture is situated to the south of the village, on the right bank of the Sinyukha river.
Total area is approximately 70 ha. Excavated in XX c. by V. Kozlovska, T. Passek
and O. Yakubenko. They explored remains of 17 different dwellings, most of them were
two-storied, with living room on the second floor. V. Kozlovska excavated a clay
model of temple, decorated with red, black and white paint and small clay figurine –
portrait of old woman. T. Passek and O. Yakubenko found many beautiful Trypillia
vessels and figurines in this place. Dated up to the beginning of IV mil. B.C. Paleolithic
and Neolithic sites also were found and excavated by V. Danilenko and
O. Chernysh in 60-th near Volodymyrivka. Collections
of finds from Volodymyrivka are exhibited in Uman museum and National museum of History of
Ukraine (Kyiv). 12.
Gordashivka Tal’ne distict Cherkasy
region. The large Trypillia settlement is located on the territory of the
village and in the field. Total area is approximately 130 ha. Excavated by
M. Shmaglij and V. Shumova. They
explored remains of two houses and gathered interesting collection of pottery, decorated
with paint and incised ornament. Dated up to the beginning of IV mil. B.C. There are known
three small (2-10 ha) Trypillia settlements in the fields close to Gordashivka village. Paleolithic site
(was explored by M.Gladkikh) and Chernyakhivska culture settlements also were found on the
territory and outskirts of the village. Finds from
Gordashivka are kept in Uman museum and Funds of the Institute of Archaeology Nas of
Ukraine. 13.
Talne Talne town, Cherkasy region. Talne-1, the large Trypillia
settlement, is situated on the territory of the town, opposite to the market. It occupied
area approximately 40 ha on the right bank of the Gnilyi Tikich river. Dated up to the
first part of IV mil. B.C. In 1990, V. Kruts and M. Videiko explored two small
settlements (Talne-2 and -3) that are in 3 km to the east, on the bank of creek near gas
compressor plant. They excavated here remains of seven houses. According to their opinion
these settlements belonged to Maydanets “city” and dated to the same period
– the first part of IV mil. B.C. There are also known the
Chernyakhivska culture settlements and Medieval settlement on the territory of Talne. The
Count Shuvalovs' lodge (beginning of XX c.) that is Museum of History Agriculture now,
located in the old park on the picturesque riverbank. This museum has an impressive
collection of Trypillia antiquities that are mainly from different sites in Cherkasy
region. 14.
Nebelivka Novo-Arkhangelsk
distict Kirovograd region The
Trypillia culture settlement is situated in the field between Nebelivka and Oksanino
villages. Total area is approximately 300 ha. From airphoto we know that it was oval in
plan, with blocks and streets in central part. Explored by M. Shmaglij in 1981. He
found a beautiful “set”,
composed of five small painted vessels and two bowls. Dated up to the beginning of IV mil.
B.C. There also was found pottery
of the Chernyakhivska culture near the village, to the southeast, on the banks of the
creek. There are located 6 barrows in the fields near Nebelivka. Collection of finds from Nebelivka is exhibited in Museum of the
History of Agriculture in Talne. Most of other finds are kept in Uman museum and Funds of
the Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). 15.
Glybochok Talne distict Cherkasy
region. The
Trypillia culture settlement is situated to the west of the village on plateau, in Shkilne
tract. Total area is approximately 200 ha.
Excavated in 1899 by V. Domanitskyi and in 1984-1995 by S. Ryzhov. Dwellings
were arranged in two ovals as it is seen from airphoto by K. Shyshkin. Fortified
entrance, blocks and street are visible from magnetic plan by V. Dudkin. Diameter of
the external oval is 1000 m, internal diameter is approximately 800 m. Distance between
ovals is from 800 to 100 m. Totally there were more than 1000 houses. S. Ryzhov
explored two of them. Dated up to the first part of IV mil. B.C. Collections of finds from Glybochok are in Museum of the History of
Agriculture in Talne and People Museum in Legedzine. Some finds are kept in Funds of the
Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). DNIPRO
1. Trypillia Obukhiv distict Kyiv region It is eponymous place for Copper Age archeological culture. In
1897-1899, V.Khvoika explored sites near the town with remains of burnt clay and molded
pottery, decorated with incised and painted ornament. He proved it as a separate
archaeological culture in his report on XI Archaeological Congress (Kyiv, August of 1899).
Remains of two settlements are located between the town of Trypillia and village of
Khalepie, on the bank of the Bobritsa river. Another settlement is located on plateau
between Ukrainka town and Trypillia village.
The central part of the town occupied the high hill on the right bank of the Dnipro
river. In X c. AD there was built city Trepol, that was mentioned in annals of Kyiv Rus;
in XV-XVII c. there was built castle in this place. Now there is Archaeological Museum of
Kyiv region (1996). Collections of finds from
V. Khvoika’s digs are exhibited in National museum of History of Ukraine (Kyiv). 2.
Veremiya Obukhiv distict Kyiv region There are eight Trypillia
settlements near this village. On the territory of the village V. Khvoika in
1897-1899 explored remains of the Trypillia culture settlement. Dated up to the second
part of V mil. B.C. Another three settlements were excavated to the south of Veremiya, in
Dovjok, Lysky and Taburyshche tracts, on the plateau of right bank of the
Bobritsa river. Dated to the first part of IV mil. B.C. Four small Trypillia settlements
are located in fields between Veremiya and Zhukivtsi. Collections of finds from
archaeological digs near Veremiya are exhibited in National museum of History of Ukraine
(Kyiv). 3. Shcherbanivka Obukhiv distict Kyiv region There are three Trypillia
culture settlements near Shcherbanivka. The first, explored by V. Khvoika, is
situated on the left bank of the Krasnaya river. It was one of the first settlements of
Trypillia people in Dnipro region, dated now up to the second part of V mil. B.C.
Trypillians produced pottery with incised decoration. Painted pottery they imported from
the western Trypillia regions. Another settlements are located in Shyroke and Dolyna
tracts on plateau between Shcherbanivka, Dolyna and Zhukivtsi. They were explored by
Trypilska expedition in 1934-1935. Collections of finds from digs
near Shcherbanivka are exhibited in National museum of History of Ukraine (Kyiv). 4. Khalepie
(Kolomyjschina) Obukhiv distict Kyiv region Eight
Trypillia culture sites are known near Khalepie village. Two of them, in Kolomyjshchina
tract, are one of the best explored. This places were discovered by V. Khvoika, but
the main excavations were provided by archaeologists from Kyiv (S. Magura,
V. Petrov, M. Makarevitch, N. Kordysh, K. Korshak), Moscow
(T. Passek) and Leningrad (E. Krichevsky) who worked in Trypilska expedition
between 1934 and 1939.
Kolomyjschina tract is situated to the south of the village, not far from the road
to Rzhyschiv. In Kolomyjschina-I tract expedition excavated 37 houses, which constituted
circle with three dwellings in the central part. The largest of them were 6 m wide and 20
m long. This settlement dated up to the middle of IV mil. B.C. There also were explored
six similar houses of settlement in Kolomyjschina-II tract. This settlement is dated to
the first part of IV mil. B.C.
Another settlements are located to the south on plateau over the Svirch river
(Grushova, Sheremetiv Kut, Zholudivka and other tracts). They are dated up to the first
part of IV mil. B.C. Collections of finds from excavations near Khalepie are exhibited in
National museum of History of Ukraine (Kyiv). 5. Grebeni Kagarlyk distict Kyiv region Six
Trypillia culture sites are known near Grebeni village. In August of 1899 delegates of XI
Archaeological Congress visited places of digs that V. Khvoika organized near
Grebeni. In 1960-1964, Trypillia expedition from Kyiv, led by S. Bibikov explored
remains of 26 houses in tract Vasylishin Yar (500 m to the north, near the road Trypillia
– Rzhyshchiv). This settlement is dated to the first part of IV mil. B.C., the same
time that Kolomyjschina-II. Another
Trypillia culture settlement was discovered in the central part of Grebeni, and now it is
destroyed. Four settlements are situated to the south of Grebeni, in Vynogradne, Yancha
(two settlements) and Popova Levada tracts. They are dated up to the first part –
middle of IV mil. B.C. Pottery of the Chernyakhivska
culture was found on the territory of Vasylishin Yar and Yancha-I tracts. In the central
part of Grebeni and in tract Vynogradne are traces of Early Slavs settlements (approx.
VIII c. A.D.). Fortified site of Zarubinetska culture occupied high hill on the right bank
of Dnipro, opposite to Trypillia settlement in Vynogradne tract. A large barrow cemetery
of IX – XI c. is located below this fortress. You can visit Museum in the center of
Grebeni village. Collections from digs near Grebeni are exhibited in Archaeological
Museum in Kyiv. 6. Yushki Kagarlyk distict Kyiv region The Trypillia settlement is on
the territory of the village, in “Kuryache Pole” tract. Total area is
approximately 2 ha. First excavations were carried by V.Khvoika. Dated to the beginning of
IV mil. B.C. Another settlement in “Zhurivka” tract located in 3 km to the west
of Yushki, near the field road to Zikrachi. Total area is about 5 ha. Dated up to the
first part of IV mil. B.C. There are also two settlements
of the Chernyakhivska culture (III-IV c. A.D.) to the south of Yushki. Collections of finds from
Yushki are in National museum of History of Ukraine (Kyiv). 7.
Rzhyschiv Kagarlyk distict Kyiv region Four
Trypillia culture settlements are known near the town. The first was in 1,5 km to the
north, near the restorative tourist complex on the cape of plateau, “Dolyna”
tract (partly destroyed). Another settlement is in Ripnitsa tract, to the south of town.
Dated up to the first part of IV mil. B.C.
Settlement in Khomin Lis tract is located near the road to Ulyanyki. Total area is
5 ha, approx. 140 different objects. Explored by M. Videiko in 1994. Remains of two
houses and one pit were discovered. Here was found an interesting collection of clay
figurines. Dated up to the first part of IV mil. B.C.
In 1900 V. Khvoika explored Trypillia settlement “on hills near
Rzyshchiv”. According to published plan, this site was in 3-4 km to the south, on
plateau near village Balyko-Schuchinka. Here V. Khvoika discovered near 40 objects
– remains of temporary village. Dated up to the first part of IV mil. B.C. Local
ancient people fished in the Dnipro river and hunted on its banks (it is the best place
for fishing around Rzyshchiv present days). May be it was a seasonal site of people that
lived in houses, explored at Khomin Lis tract . Collections of finds from
Rzyshchiv are in National museum of History of Ukraine (Kyiv) and Funds of the Institute
of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine. 8. Grygorivka
Kaniv distict Cherkasy region. Three sites of the Trypillia culture are known near this village.
Settlement in Khatysche tract is located in 2 km to the north, on cape of plateau, near
the road to Lukovytsa. Total are is about 2 ha. Remains of two houses and three pits were
explored by M. Videiko in 1993. Ancient inhabitants of Khatysche lived in two-storied
buildings, similar to buildings of Trypillia cities in Cherkasy region. Dated up to the
first part of IV mil. BC Two sites of Trypillia fishers
and hunters were found on the bank of the Dnipro, in 0,2-1,5 km to the north of
Grygorivka. First, in Ignatenkova Gora tract, was explored by M. Shmaglij in 1961 and
M. Videiko in 1993. They discovered remains of few temporary earth-houses and traces
of economical activity, connected with products of the Dnipro river and valley.
V. Petrashenko explored another similar site, partly destroyed by inhabitants of the
Kyiv Rus settlement, in Popove Pole tract. All Trypillia sites dated up to the first half
of IV mil. B.C. It is interesting, that these
ancient settlements belonged to people of different Trypillia tribes. Settlement of Kaniv
group in Khatysche appeared before sites of Kolomyjschina type on the bank of Dnipro. There are situated fortified
place of Scythians and two large Kyiv Rus settlements near Grigorivka village. Collections of finds from
archaeological digs near Crygorivka are kept in Funds of the Institute of Archaeology NAS
of Ukraine. THE BLACK SEA LITTORAL
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